When and If sentences (When I do.../If l do...)

Study this example:

A: What time will you call me tonight?

B: I’ll call you when I get home from work.

“I’ll call you when I get home from work” is a sentence with two parts: “I’ll call you” (the main part) and “when I get home from work” (the when part). The sen tence is future (tonight), but you cannot use will or going to in the when part of the sentence. Instead we use a present tense, usually simple present (I do).

•I can’t talk to you now. I’ll talk to you later when I have more time. (not when I’ll have)

• When the rain stops, we’ll go out. (not when the rain will stop)

The same thing happens after:

while    after    before    until/till        as soon as

•Can you take care of the children while I am out? (not will be)

• Before you leave, you must visit the museum. (not will leave)

• Wait here untill I come back. (not will come)

 You can also use the present perfect (I have done) after when/after/until, etc., to shos that the first action will be finished before the second:

•After I’ve read this hook, you can have it.

• Don’t say anything while Tom is here. Wait until he has gone.

It is often possible to use either the simple present or the present perfect:

• I’ll come as soon as I finish, or I’ll come as soon as I’ve finished.

• You’ll feel better when you have something to eat. or You’ll feel better when you’ve had something to eat.         

After if we also use the simple present (I do) for the future:

• It’s raining. We’ll get wet if we go out. (not if we will go)

• Hurry up! If we don’t hurry, we’ll he late. (not if we won’t hurry)

Be careful not to confuse when and if. Use when for things that are sure to happen:

I’m going shopping this afternoon. When I go shopping, I’ll buy some food.

If and wish sentences (present

Study this example situation:

Tom wants to call Sue, but he can’t because he doesn’t know her telephone  number.

He says:

If I knew her number, I would call her.

Tom says “If I knew her number…" This tells us that he doesn’t know her number.

He is imagining the situation. The real situation is that he doesn’t know her number.

When you imagine a situation like this, you use a past tense form (“I did / I had /1 knew,” etc.) after if. But the meaning is present, not past:

• Tom would travel if he had more money. (but he doesn’t have much money)

• If I didn’t want to go, I wouldn’t. (but I want to go)

• We wouldn’t have any money if we didn’t work. (but we work)

We also use the past for a present situation after wish. We use wish to say that we regret something, that something is not as we would like it to be:

• I wish I knew Sue’s telephone number. (I don’t know it.)

•Do you ever wish you could fly? (You can’t fly.)

•I wish it didn’t rain so much in this city. (It rains a lot.)

It’s crowded here. I wish there weren’t so many people. (There are a lot of people.)

•I wish I didn’t have to work. (I have to work.)

In if sentences and after wish we use were instead of was:

• If I were you, I wouldn’t buy that coat. (hut I am not you)

• I’d go out if it weren’t raining. (but it is raining)

• I wish my room were larger. (but it isn’t very large)

Do not use would in the if part of the sentence or after wish:

• If I were rich, I would buy a castle. (not if I would be rich)

• I wish I were taller. (not I wish I would he taller.)

 But sometimes I wish. . . would.. . is possible.

تیغ جراحی

سلام.

هفته آینده یکشنبه دارم میرم زیر تیغ جراحی.منتظرم میمونید؟ بر میگردم و دوباره آموزش زبان انگلیسی رو  ادامه میدم.منتظرم بمونید.من دوباره میام.این شعر رو به همه دوستان عزیزی که از این وب لاگ بازدید میکنند تقدیم میکنم:

You're My Heart, You're My Soul

Deep in my heart - there's a fire - a burning heart
Deep in my heart - there's desire - for a start
I'm dying in emotion
It's my world in fantasy
I'm living in my, living in my dreams

You're my heart, you're my soul
I'll keep it shining everywhere I go
You're my heart, you're my soul
I'll be holding you forever
Stay with you together

Your my heart, you're my soul
Yeah, I'm feeling that our love will grow
You're my heart, you're my soul
That's the only thing I really know

Let's close the door and believe my burning heart
Feeling alright come on open up your heart
Keep the candles burning
Let your body melt in mine
I'm living in my, living in my dreams

You're my heart, you're my soul
I'll keep it shining everywhere I go
You're my heart, you're my soul
I'll be holding you forever
Stay with you together

Your my heart, you're my soul
Yeah, I'm feeling that our love will grow
You're my heart, you're my soul
That's the only thing I really know

You're my heart, you're my soul
I'll keep it shining everywhere I go
You're my heart, you're my soul
I'll be holding you forever
Stay with you together

Your my heart, you're my soul
Yeah, I'm feeling that our love will grow
You're my heart, you're my soul
That's the only thing I really know

If and wish sentences (past)

Study this example situation: این مثال را بخوانید

Last month Ann was sick. Tom didn’t know this, and he didn’t go to see her. They met again after Ann got better. Tom said:

If I had known that you were sick, I would have gone to see you.

The real situation was that Tom didn’t know Ann was sick. So he says if I had known... When you are talking about the past, you use the past perfect (I had done/I had been/I had known, etc.) after if.

• If I had seen you when you passed me in the street, I would have said hello. (but I didn’t see you)

• I would have gone out if I hadn’t been so tired. (but I was too tired)

• If he had been looking where he was going, he wouldn’t have walked into the wall. (but he wasn’t looking)

Do not use would (have) in the If part of the sentence:

• If I had seen you, I would have said hello (not it I would have seen)

• If I’d seen (= had seen) you, I’d have said (= would have said) hello.

Use the past perfect (I had done) after wish when you say that you regret something

Happened or didn’t happen in the past: بعد از wish   ماضی بعید استفاده کنید برای بیان چیزی که در گذشته اتفاق نیفتاده است و یا اتفاق افتاده و شما برای اینکه اتفاق نیفتاده ناراحت هستید.

• I wish I had known that Ann was sick. I would have gone to see her. (I didn’t know that she was sick.)

• I feel sick. I wish I hadn’t eaten so much. (I ate too much.)

• Do you wish you had studied science instead of languages? (You didn’t study science.)

• The weather was terrible. I wish it had been warmer. (It wasn’t warm.)

 You cannot use would have after wish:

• I wish it had been warmer. (Not would have been)

Might have and could have are possible instead of would have:

• If we’d played better, we might have won. (= perhaps we would have won)

• We could have gone out if the weather hadn’t been so had. (= we would have been able to go out)

If sentences (present/future)

Compare these exaples:

Tom: I think I left my lighter at your house.Have you seen it?

Peggy: No, but I will look.If I find it , I will give it to you.

In this example there is a real possible that  Peggy will find the ligher. So she says If I find….

 

Debbie: If I found 1000$ on the street , I would keep it.

This is a different type of situation.  

در مثال اولی Peggy  به احتمال زیاد (It is possible that …)  فندک Tom را پیدا کنه.ولی در مثال دومی Debbie  تصور می کنه اگر 1000$ پول پبدا کنه با اون چیکار میکنه.به این نکته توجه کنید تصور میکنه که اگه چنین چیزی برای او پیش بیاد چیکار خواهد کرد.

When we imagine a future happening like this, we use a past tence form (did/came/found,etc) after if, but the meaning is not past:

Peggy wouln’t lend me any money If I asked her.

What would you do if you won a million dollars?

 

We do not use would in the if part of the sentece:

I’d be very frightened if someone pointed a gun at em. (not if someone would..)

 

Sometimes it is possibile to to say if…would when you ask someone in a formal way.

از کسی رسمی چیزی را در خواست میکنید:

I would be very grateful if you would send me you brochure and price list as soon as possibile.

 

You can also use could and might:

They might be angry if I did not visit them.

If it stopped raining we could go out.

Cheerio.

سلام.
راستشو بخواین این روزها سرم مشغول امتحانات و خوب دیگه یکم فرصت نمی کنم آپ دیت کنم ولی قول می دم فردا با یک درس توپ برگردم.

از همه دوستانی که از این وبلاگ بازدید می کنند ممنونم.  امید وارم بتونم مطالب به درد بخوری رو برای شما عزیزان بنویسم.
فعلا.بای

Should

به مثال زیر توجه کنید:

Tom has just come back from movies.

Ann: hello, Tom. Did you enjoy the movie?

Tom: Yes, it was great. You should go and see it.

Tom is advising Ann to go and see the movie. “You should go “means that it would be a good thing to do.

تام به آن پیشنهاد میکند که آن فیلم را ببیند.مهمولا از should زمانی ایتفاده میکنیم که انجام دادن چیزی خوب است یا بهترین عمل برای انجام است.( The right thing to do)

The government should do something about the economy.

“Should we invite Sue to the party?” “Yes, I think we should.”

              

“You shouldn’t do “means that it is not a good thing to do.

You’ve been coughing a lot lately. You shouldn’t smoke too much.

Tom really shouldn’t go out. He has a lot of homework to do.

 

Should is not as strong as must:

You should stop smoking. (=It would be a good idea.)

You must stop smoking. (=It is necessary that you stop.)
...

Passive 2

Passive 2(be done/have been done)

Active: We can solve this problem.

Passive: This problem can be solved.

در مجهول کردن دقت داشته باشید که باید از اسم مفعول افعال(حالت سوم فعل مثلا: be   was/were been  ) استفاده کنید.به مثالهای زیر توجه کنید:

The new hotel will be opened next year.

George might be sent to Venezuela by his company in August.

This room is going to be painted next week.

Go away! I want to be left alone.

 

Active: Somebody should have cleaned the window yesterday.

Passive: The window should have been cleaned yesterday.

My bicycle has disappeared. It must have been stolen.

She wouldn’t have been injured if she had been wearing a seat belt.

The weather was terrible. The tennis match should have been canceled.

تا درس بعدی Cheerio

 

                                                                             Irregular Verbs A-C 

Base Form	Past Simple	Past Participle
awake	awoke	awoken
be	was, were	been
beat	beat	beaten
become	became	become
begin	began	begun
bend	bent	bent
bet	bet	bet
bid	bid	bid
bite	bit	bitten
blow	blew	blown
break	broke	broken
bring	brought	brought
broadcast	broadcast	broadcast
build	built	built
burn	burned/burnt	burned/burnt
buy	bought	bought
catch	caught	caught
choose	chose	chosen
come	came	come
cost	cost	cost
cut	cut	cut

Passive 1(be done/have been done)

This house built in 1920.

این یک جمله مجهول است.مقایسه کنید:

Somebody built this house in 1920. (Active)

This house was built in 1920. (Passive)

معمولا زمانی از مجهول استفاده میکنیم که مهم نباشد چه کسی یا چه چیزی عمل مورد نظر را انجام داده است.در مثال فوق مهم نیست که چه کسی آن خانه را ساخته است.

در جمله مجهول اگر میخواهید بگویید که چه کسی یا چه چیزی باعث انجام کار مورد نظر شده است از by استفاده کنید:

This house was built by my grandfather. (=my grandfather built it.)

Have you ever bitten by a dog? (=has a dog ever bitten you?)

In passive sentence we use the correct form of be (is/are/was/were/has been, etc.)+the past participle:

(Be) done       (be) cleaned        (be) damaged      (be) built       (be) seen      

سعی خواهم کرد به زودی لیست افعال بی قاعده را هم به مطالب این وبلاگ اضافه کنم.درس Passive هنوز ادامه دارد.پس تا ادامه درس   Cheerio  

 

آموزش اصطلاحات زبان انگلیسی

A proper / right charley هالو

  Once in a while هر از چند گاهی

Horses for courses هر کسی را بهر کاربی ساخته اند

A big head has a big ache هر که بامش بیش برفش بیشتر

Go with the ride   هم رنگ جماعت شدن

 East, West, home’s best هیچ کجا خانه خود آدم نمیشود

 Tells tales یک کلاغ چهل کلاغ کردن

   Hit the jackpot یک شب پول دار شدن

بعضی وقتها درباره چیزی حرف میزنیم که در گذشته روی داده است:

I arrived at the party.

زمانی از ماضی بعید استفاده میکنیم که چیزی قبل از این زمان رخ داده است.مثلا من میگم زمانیکه من به مهمانی رسیدم سمانه رفته بود.قبل از اینکه من به مهمانی برسم سمانه از اوئنجارفته بود.

When Peggy arrived at the party, Tom had already gone home.

به مثالهای دیگر در این مورد توجه کنید:

When I got home, I found that someone had broken into my apartment and had stolen my fur coat.

George didn’t want to come to the movies with us because he had already seen the film twice.

IT was my first time in an airplane. I was very nervous because I had never flown before

Past perfect (I had done)

I went to a party last week. Tom went to the party too. Tom went home at 10:30, so when I arrived at 11:00, Tom wasn’t there.

When I arrived at the party, Tom wasn’t there. He had gone home.

This is the past perfect (simple) tense:

I/he/she (etc.) had (=I’d/he’d/she’d, etc.)gone

I/he/she (etc.) hadn’t gone

Had you /he/she (etc.) gone?
...

Present perfect continues (I have been doing)

Present perfect continues (I have been doing)

Is it raining?

No, it isn’t, but the ground is wet

It has been raining.

This is the Present perfect continues.

I/we/they/you have (=I’ve, etc.) been doing.

He/she/it has (=he’s, etc.) been doing.

زمانی از ماضی نقلی استفاده میکنیم که رویدادی در گذشته سروع شود و اخیرا به پایان رسیده باشد.مثال:

You’re out of breath. Have you been running?

Why are your clothes so dirty? What have you been doing?

I’ve been talking to Tom about your problem, and he thinks…

...

Present perfect (I have done) 2

روش ساختن ماضی نقلی(حال کامل)

Have وhas +اسم مفعول.

وقتی که ماضی نقلی(حال کامل)به کار می بریم رابطه ای با حال بوجود می آید.به مثالهای زیر توجه کنید:

I’ve lost my key. (=I don’t have it now)

Jim has gone to Canada. (=he is in Canada or on his way to there now.)

اغلب زمانی که از ماضی نقلی(حال کامل)استفاده میکنیم میخواهیم اطلاعات جدید بدهیم یا در مورد رویدادی خبر بدهیم:

I’ve lost my key. Can you help me to look for it?

Did you hear about Peggy? She has gone to Canada.

ماضی نقلی(حال کامل) را با just هم به کار میبریم:

Would you like something to eat? “No, thanks. I’ve just had lunch.”

ماضی نقلی(حال کامل) را با already زمانی به کار میبریم که چیزی زودتر از زمانی که باید به وقوع می پیوست افتاده است:

Don’t forget to mail the letter. “I’ve already mailed it.”

 

مکالمه زیر را بخوانید:

Dave: Have you traveled a lot? Jane: yes, I’ve been to 47 different countries. Dave: Really? Have you ever been to China? Jane: Yes. I’ve visited China twice. Dave: What about India? Jane: No. I’ve never been to India.

وقتی که میخواهیم در باره یک دوره از زمان که تا حال ادامه دارد حرف بزنیم از ماضی نقلی استفاده میکنیم.جین و دیوید با هم در مورد کشورهایی که جین تا با حال دیده است حرف میزنند.

مثالهای دیگری در این مورد:

Have you ever read Hamlet? “No, I haven’t read any of Shakespeare’s.

Peggy really loves that movie. She’s seen it five times.
...

Present perfect (I have done) 1

Present perfect (I have done) 1

به این مثال توجه کنید:

Tom is looking for his key. He can’t find it now.

He has lost his key.

He has lost his key.”"  معنی این جمله این است که کلیدش را از چند دقیقه قبل گم کرده و هنوز پیداش نکرده است.

This is the present perfect (simple) tense:

I/we/they/you have (=I’ve, etc.) lost.     

He/she have (=he’s, etc.) lost.              

  I (etc.) haven’t lost.         He/she hasn’t lost
Have you (etc.) lost?      Has he/she lost?        
...

Eating out

Places where you can eat

Café: you can have a cup of coffee/tea and a snack there (=something small to eat like a sandwich or a cake) they sometimes serve meals there too.

Restaurant: you go there for a full meal; more expensive than a Café

Bar/pup: bars and pups serve alcohol and soft drinks. (=non alcohol drinks like fruit juice and lemonade)

Sandwich bar: a place that serves lots of different sandwiches. People usually buy sandwiches and take them to eat in a different places, at work or in a park.

 Fast food Restaurant /Café: you take what you want, pay for it and take it to your table.

Going to (I am going to do)

Going to (I am going to do)

Going to را زمانی به کار میبریم که از قبل تصمیم گرفته ایم کاری را در آینده انجام دهیم:

There is a movie on TV. Are you going to watch it?

No, I am too tired. I am going to make it an early night.

حالت دوم برای این زمان:

What time are you to meeting Peggy? (Or …are you going to meet)

و باز حالت دیگری که از این زمان استفاده میکنیم.اگر مثال زیر را بخوانید متوجه خواهید شد.

Look at those black clothes. It is going to rain.

Simple present (I do)

Simple present (I do)

زمان حال ساده را زمانی و برای چیزیهایی به کار می بریم که مدام به وقوع میپیوندند تکرار می شوند.مثلا میگوییم :"او راننده اتوبوس است".او شغلش همین است.یعنی هر روز این کار را انجام میدهد.به سایر مثالهای زیر توجه کنید:

The earth goes around the sun.

Nurses take care of patients in hospitals.

فراموش نکنید :He/She/It-s  

I work in a bank. Barry works in a department store.

British and North American English

British/North American Vocabulary

Here are some of the main differences in vocabulary between British and North American English.

British	Canadian	American
anywhere	anywhere	anyplace
autumn	autumn/fall	fall
barrister	lawyer	attorney
beeper, pager	pager	beeper
bill (restaurant)	bill	check
biscuit	cookie	cookie
block of flats	apartment block	apartment building
bonnet	hood	hood
boot (of car)	trunk (of car)	trunk (of automobile)
car	car	automobile
caravan	trailer	trailer
chemist	drugstore	drugstore
chest of drawers	dresser	bureau
chips	French fries/chips	French fries
chocolate bar	chocolate bar	candy bar
the cinema	movies	the movies
clothes peg	clothes peg	clothespin
coffin	coffin	casket
condom	condom	rubber
crisps	potato chips	potato chips
crossroads	intersection	intersection
cupboard	cupboard	closet
cutlery	cutlery	silverware
diversion	diversion, detour	detour
drawing-pin	thumbtack	thumbtack
driving licence	driver's licence	driver's license
dummy (for babies)	soother	pacifier
dustbin	garbage can, trash can	ashcan, garbage can, trashcan
dustman	garbageman	garbage collector
engine	engine	motor
estate agent	real estate agent	realtor
film	movie	movie
flat	apartment	apartment
flat tyre	flat tire	flat
flyover	overpass	overpass
galoshes	galoshes	toe rubbers
gear-lever	gearshift	gearshift
Girl Guide	Girl Guide	Girl Scout
ground floor	ground floor, main floor	first floor
handbag	handbag	purse
holiday	holiday	vacation
jam	jam	jelly
jeans	jeans	blue jeans
jug	jug	pitcher
lift	elevator	elevator
lorry	truck	truck
luggage	luggage	baggage
mad	crazy	crazy
main road	main road, main thoroughfare	highway
maize	corn	corn
maths	math	math
mobile (phone)	cellular phone	cellular
motorbike	motorbike, motorcycle	motorcycle
motorway	highway, thoroughfare	freeway, expressway
motorway	freeway	freeway
napkin	serviette, table napkin	napkin
nappy	diaper	diaper
naughts and crosses	tick-tack-toe	tic-tack-toe
pants	shorts	shorts
pavement	sidewalk, pavement	sidewalk
petrol	gas, gasoline	gas, gasoline
The Plough	Big Dipper	Big Dipper
pocket money	pocket money	allowance
post	mail, post	mail
postbox	mailbox, post-box	mailbox
postcode	postal code	zip code
postman	mailman, letter carrier	mailman
pub	bar, pub	bar
public toilet	bathroom	rest room
puncture	flat	flat
railway	railway	railroad
return (ticket)	return	round-trip
reverse charge	collect call, reverse the charges	call collect
ring road	ring road	beltway
road surface	road surface, asphalt	pavement
roundabout	roundabout	traffic circle
rubber	eraser	eraser
rubbish	garbage, trash, refuse	garbage, trash
rubbish-bin	garbage can, trashcan	garbage can, trashcan
saloon (car)	sedan (car)	sedan (automobile)
shop	shop, store	store
single (ticket)	one-way (ticket)	one-way
solicitor	lawyer	attorney
somewhere	somewhere	someplace
spanner	wrench	wrench
spirits	spirits	hard liquor
sweets	candy, sweets	candy
tap (indoors)	tap (indoors)	faucet
tap (outdoors)	tap (outdoors)	spigot
taxi	taxi	cab
tea-towel	dish-towel	dish-towel
telly, TV	TV	TV
third-party insurance	third-party insurance	liability insurance
timetable	schedule	schedule
tin	tin can	can
toll motorway	toll highway	turnpike
torch	flashlight	flashlight
trousers	pants	pants
tube (train)	subway, metro	subway
underground (train)	subway, metro	subway
underpants	shorts	shorts
van	truck	truck
vest	undershirt	undershirt
waistcoat	vest	vest
wallet	wallet	billfold
wellington boots	rubber boots	rubbers
whisky	whisky, scotch	whiskey, scotch
windscreen	windshield	windshield
zip	zipper	zipper